Embracing Italian Nobility

The Italian noble families that settled in our region played a vital role in enhancing various fields such as architecture, painting, music, and literature. Their influence was particularly strong during the Renaissance and Baroque eras, a time when they introduced fresh artistic styles and techniques to the Czech lands. Notable noble families like the Piccolomini, Colloredo-Mannsfeld, and Collalto made substantial contributions to the cultural landscape, and their legacies can still be seen in many monuments today.

Collalts

Rambaldo XIII. Collalto (1579-1630) was a notable diplomat and soldier, who achieved the title of imperial count. He acquired several estates in the Czech lands, particularly Brtnica, Rudolec, and Black. By the latter half of the 18th century, the family also obtained Uherčice, Písečná, Slavětín, and Okříšky. The Collalts ranked among the top ten largest landowners in Moravia. Brtnice became the primary residence of the Moravian branch of the family, while their summer retreat was located in Uherčice Castle. Other properties like those in Knezice, Jestřebí, Black, Rudolci, and Sand served for short-term visits and administration of different estates. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, the Collalts were influential diplomats, integral members of the imperial court, and patrons of the arts, holding the title of prince.

Colloreds

Rudolf of Colloredo-Waldsee (1585-1657), who served as a general and field marshal in the imperial army, along with his brother Jerome (1528-1638), were awarded the estate of Opočno in 1635 for their military service to the emperor. Over time, they expanded their property holdings to include Dymokury, Smidary, Dolní Počernice, Tloskov, Petrovice, Dobříš, Fields, Nepomuk, and Green Mountain. In 1723, the Colloreds achieved the hereditary title of supreme of the Bohemian Kingdom and later received a princely title as well. In 1938, family members were part of the Nationality Declaration of the Czech Nobility, which exempted them from the Benes Decrees. Following 1989, some of their properties were returned. Their main residence in the country now is Dobříš Castle, while the original family seat, Opočno Castle, is managed by the National Institute of Natural History.

Piccolomini

Octavio Piccolomini (1599-1656) was a general and field marshal of the imperial army, famous for being one of the key figures behind the assassination of Albrecht von Wallenstein in Cheb in 1634. In recognition of his loyalty to the emperor, he received the significant Náchod estate located in the northeast of Bohemia. Náchod Castle became the family’s main residence in Bohemia. Early in the 18th century, Prince Lorenzo Piccolomini constructed a hunting lodge in Ratibořice, which later served as a residence for widows in the family. Sadly, the Piccolomini line ended in 1783, and their properties transferred to the Desfours family.

Architectural influences

The Italian Renaissance profoundly impacted architecture in the Czech lands. Numerous castles and palaces were constructed or remodeled following Italian models. A prime example is the castle in Uherčice, one of the main focuses of this year’s project, celebrated for its Renaissance architecture featuring Italian influence. Other notable structures influenced by Italian architecture include the castles in Opočno and Náchod.

Painting, sculpture, music, and literature

Italian artists and their contributions had a significant impact on Czech painting and sculpture. Many of these artists were commissioned by Italian nobles to create remarkable works of art on their estates. Music and literature were other fields where Italian nobles introduced fresh ideas and traditions. For instance, Baroque music was heavily influenced by Italian composers who worked within Bohemian courts. Similarly, works of literature from this era frequently mirrored Italian stylistic elements and themes.

This year’s project highlights the state castles of Uherčice, Opočno, and Náchod, all renowned for their historical and artistic significance, representing essential examples of Italian influence.

Chateau Uherčice

Uherčice Castle exemplifies Renaissance architecture with Italian influences and has a history dating back to the 16th century when it was remodeled based on Renaissance designs. The castle is particularly famous for its stunning garden and interiors that showcase Italian artistic influences.

Opočno Castle

Opočno Castle is another significant site in this year’s project. This castle, which has undergone multiple reconstructions, illustrates the impact of Italian architecture and art. Its rich history coupled with its remarkable works of art makes the castle one of the most important monuments in the Czech lands.

Náchod Castle

Náchod Castle is the third key focus of the project. With origins dating back to the 13th century, this castle displays strong influences from both the Italian Renaissance and Baroque periods. Known for its beautiful interiors and gardens, it reflects a rich Italian artistic heritage.

In the Footsteps of Noble Families: Italian Nobility in the Czech Republic

Project Overview

• Name: In the Footsteps of Noble Families

• Organizer: National Heritage Institute

• Duration: Yearlong cultural and heritage initiative

Focus for 2025

• Theme: Impact of Italian nobility on Czech art and culture

• Historical Span: 16th to 18th century

Key Elements of the Project

• Exhibitions and Lectures:

  • Showcasing cultural heritage and artistic influences

• Cultural Events:

  • Various events designed to engage a wider audience

Significant Noble Families Highlighted

• Families:

  • Piccolomini

  • Colloredo-Mannsfeld

  • Collalto

Notable Site

• Uherčice Castle:

  • Recognized for its Renaissance architectural features and Italian influences

  • A key location for the 2025 project